一种量程扩展器及其测量方法、测量系统技术领域
本发明涉及测量技术领域，具体涉及一种量程扩展器及其测量方法、测量系统。
背景技术
在一些产品(如汽车)的研发试制过程中，通常都需要对产品及其生产线进行现场
测量(尺寸或坐标的测量)和验证。一般选用常用的便携式坐标测量机和量程大的激光跟踪
仪这两种测量设备完成现场测量，前者量程偏小，因而测量范围小，但因其购买投入少、维
护成本低而被广泛采用，后者量程大，但因其购买昂贵、维护成本高而使一般企业望而却
步，较少采用。为了解决便携式坐标测量机量程不足的问题，通常采用“分布局部测量法”，
即将整个需要测量的范围分解成若干个局部，再用便携式坐标测量机分步、分区域进行测
量，但测量过程需要多次进行拼接，导致累积误差大、工作效率低。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种用于扩展坐标测量机量程的量程扩展器。还提供一种该
量程扩展器的测量方法。另外，还提供一种使用该量程扩展器的测量系统。
为了实现上述目的，本发明提供了一种量程扩展器，其包括扩展支架、第一标准球
组和第二标准球组，所述第一标准球组和第二标准球组分别设于所述扩展支架的两侧，所
述第一标准球组和第二标准球组的标准球数量相同且不少于三个。
上述的量程扩展器中，所述第一标准球组和所述第二标准球组分别设于所述扩展
支架的两端端部，或者，所述第一标准球组和所述第二标准球组分别设于所述扩展支架的
两端端部及端部与中部之间的部位。
上述的量程扩展器中，所述第一标准球组和第二标准球组中的任意两个标准球之
间设有间距。
上述的量程扩展器中，所述标准球的半径均相同。
上述的量程扩展器中，所述标准球通过焊接或粘胶固定在所述扩展支架上。
本发明还提供一种量程扩展器的测量方法，其包括如下步骤：
步骤一，确定上述任一项内容所述的量程扩展器的第一标准球组中的标准球与第
二标准球组中的标准球之间一一对应的位置关系和位置关系函数；
步骤二，将坐标测量机置于第一测量位置，测量出第一标准球组的各个标准球在
坐标测量机于第一测量位置处坐标系下的中心坐标；根据所述位置关系函数计算出第二标
准球组的各个标准球在坐标测量机于第一测量位置处坐标系下的理论中心坐标；
步骤三，将坐标测量机移至第二测量位置，测量出第二标准球组的各个标准球在
坐标测量机于第二测量位置处坐标系下的实际中心坐标；
步骤四，将第二标准球组的各个标准球的实际中心坐标与理论中心坐标逐一对应
并拟合统一，从而将坐标测量机于第二测量位置处坐标系拟合统一到坐标测量机于第一测
量位置处坐标系，实现坐标测量机的量程扩展。
上述的量程扩展器的测量方法中，当每组标准球组中的标准球数量大于三个时，
测量时选取每组标准球组中的三个或者少于总数的标准球进行坐标测量。
上述的量程扩展器的测量方法中，所述位置关系函数为一次函数。
上述的量程扩展器的测量方法中，所述位置关系函数为极坐标函数。
本发明还提供一种测量系统，其包括坐标测量机以及上述任一项内容所述的量程
扩展器。
实施本发明的量程扩展器及其测量方法、测量系统，相对于现有技术具有如下的
优点：
1、通过量程扩展器上的两组标准球组之间相互固定的位置关系，可将坐标测量机
在不同测量位置处的坐标系拟合统一在同一个坐标系下，使得坐标测量机的测量范围向任
意方向延伸，从而达到扩展坐标测量机量程的目的，现场大范围测量时，只需选用便携式坐
标测量机并辅以本量程扩展器即可，其结构简单、携带方便且易操作，不仅能大幅提高测量
效率和测量精度，还能大大节省测量成本。
2、实施本发明的量程扩展器的测量方法及其测量系统，可直接将坐标测量机在不
同测量位置处的坐标系拟合统一到同一坐标系，这样坐标测量机在不同测量位置测得的数
据便可直接统一在同一个坐标系下，实现坐标测量机的量程扩展，而不需要在测量的过程
中多次进行坐标拼接，操作方便，能大幅提高测量效率和测量精度，节省测量成本。
附图说明
图1是本发明的量程扩展器的结构示意图；
图2是本发明的第一标准球组与第二标准球组中的各个标准球的一一对应关系示
意图；
图3是实施本发明的量程扩展器的使用方法的示意图；
其中，1、扩展支架；2、第一标准球组；3、第二标准球组；4、坐标测量机；5、第一测量
位置；6、第二测量位置。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例，对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步详细描述。以下实施
例用于说明本发明，但不用来限制本发明的范围。
如图1至图3所示，本发明的优选实施例，一种量程扩展器，其包括扩展支架1、第一
标准球组2和第二标准球组3，第一标准球组2和第二标准球组3分别设于扩展支架1的两侧，
第一标准球组2和第二标准球组3的标准球数量相同且不少于三个。两组标准球组中的各个
标准球之间一一对应，并具有固定的位置关系，这样便可利用两组标准球组之间的位置关
系，将坐标测量机4在不同测量位置处的坐标系拟合统一在同一个坐标系下，使得坐标测量
机4的测量范围可以向任意方向延伸，从而达到扩展坐标测量机量程的目的，现场大范围测
量时，只需选用便携式坐标测量机并辅以本量程扩展器即可，其结构简单、携带方便且易操
作，不仅能大幅提高测量效率和测量精度，还能大大节省测量成本。
本实施例的第一标准球组2和第二标准球组3分别设于扩展支架1的两端端部。根
据现场测量的实际需要，选取合适大小的量程扩展器。
当然，本实施例的第一标准球组2和第二标准球组3也可分别设于扩展支架1的两
端端部及端部与中部之间的部位。这样的设计，即使选用的量程扩展器的扩展支架1的长度
较长时，也能实现坐标测量机4的小范围量程扩展，增强了量程扩展器扩展量程的适应性。
本实施例的第一标准球组2和第二标准球组3中的任意两个标准球之间设有间距，
这样可使同一标准球组中的标准球之间的相对位置更具任意性，从而提高坐标系拟合统一
的精度。
本实施例的标准球的半径均相同，从而在装配该量程扩展器时能更为容易地保证
两组标准球组中的各个标准球之间一一对应的位置关系。
本实施例的标准球通过焊接或粘胶固定在扩展支架1上。
如图2和图3所示，本发明还提供一种上述量程扩展器的测量方法，其包括如下步
骤：
步骤一，确定上述量程扩展器的第一标准球组2中的标准球与第二标准球组3中的
标准球之间一一对应的位置关系和位置关系函数；
步骤二，将坐标测量机4置于第一测量位置5，测量出第一标准球组2的各个标准球
在坐标测量机4于第一测量位置5处坐标系下的中心坐标；根据位置关系函数计算出第二标
准球组3的各个标准球在坐标测量机4于第一测量位置5处坐标系下的理论中心坐标；
步骤三，将坐标测量机4移至第二测量位置6，测量出第二标准球组3的各个标准球
在坐标测量机4于第二测量位置6处坐标系下的实际中心坐标；
步骤四，将第二标准球组3的各个标准球的实际中心坐标与理论中心坐标逐一对
应并拟合统一，从而将坐标测量机4于第二测量位置6处坐标系拟合统一到坐标测量机4于
第一测量位置5处坐标系，实现坐标测量机4的量程扩展。实际上就是确定坐标测量机4于第
二测量位置6处坐标系下的坐标与坐标测量机4于第一测量位置5处坐标系下的坐标之间一
一映射的关系，使坐标测量机4于第二测量位置6处测得的任何坐标都可以直接对应到坐标
测量机4于第一测量位置5处坐标系中的坐标。第二标准球组3的各个标准球的实际中心坐
标可通过坐标测量机4的测量软件与理论中心坐标实现拟合统一。
本实施例中，当每组标准球组中的标准球数量大于三个时，测量时选取每组标准
球组中的三个或者少于总数的标准球进行坐标测量。如此既可以实现坐标测量机4在不同
测量位置处坐标系的拟合统一，又可以减少测量时间和坐标系拟合统一时间，提高测量效
率。
实施本实施例的量程扩展器的测量方法，可直接将坐标测量机4在不同测量位置
处的坐标系拟合统一到同一坐标系，这样坐标测量机4在不同测量位置测得的数据便可直
接统一在同一个坐标系下，实现坐标测量机4的量程扩展，而不需要在测量的过程中多次进
行坐标拼接，操作方便，能大幅提高测量效率和测量精度，节省测量成本，另外，坐标测量机
4可以在任意测量位置、任意角度测量出标准球的中心坐标以及进行现场测量的工作，也就
是说，使用该量程扩展器并不会限定坐标测量机4的测量位置，保证了坐标测量机4测量位
置的灵活性。
本实施例的位置关系函数为一次函数，如此可使第一标准球组2与第二标准球组3
中一一对应的标准球之间的连线相互平行，以便于快速精确地计算出第二标准球组3的各
个标准球在坐标测量机4于第一测量位置5处坐标系下的理论中心坐标，减小计算误差，提
高坐标系拟合统一的精度。
当然，本实施例的位置关系函数也可以为极坐标函数F(r,θ)，由极坐标函数F(r,
θ)计算出第二标准球组3的各个标准球在坐标测量机4于第一测量位置5处坐标系下的理论
中心坐标。
本实施例的坐标测量机4为便携式坐标测量机，这是因为便携式坐标测量机的结
构小巧，购入成本和维修成本相对较低，携带方便，而量程扩展器可使便携式坐标测量机的
测量范围向任意方向延伸，以完全满足现场测量的要求。
此外，本发明还提供一种测量系统，其包括坐标测量机4以及上述量程扩展器，其
中，坐标测量机4为便携式坐标测量机。
以上仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来
说，在不脱离本发明技术原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和替换，这些改进和替换也应
视为本发明的保护范围。
A kind of range expander and its measuring method, measuring systemTechnical field
The present invention relates to field of measuring technique, and in particular to a kind of range expander and its measuring method, measuring system.
Background technology
In the research and development trial-manufacturing process of some products (such as automobile), generally it is required for carrying out scene to product and its production lineMeasurement (measurement of size or coordinate) and checking.The general laser tracking big from conventional portable coordinate measurement machine and rangeInstrument both measuring apparatus complete in-site measurement, and the former range is less than normal, thus measurement range is little, but because it buys less investment, dimensionShield low cost and be widely adopted, the latter's range is big, but hope general enterprises because its purchase is expensive, maintenance cost height andStep, less employing.In order to solve the problems, such as that portable coordinate measurement machine range is not enough, generally using " distribution local measurement method ",Will entirely need the scope for measuring to resolve into several local, then be surveyed with portable coordinate measurement machine substep, subregionAmount, but measurement process needs repeatedly to be spliced, causes that accumulated error is big, inefficiency.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of range expander for extending coordinate measuring machine range.A kind of being somebody's turn to do also is providedThe measuring method of range expander.In addition, also providing a kind of measuring system using the range expander.
To achieve these goals, the invention provides a kind of range expander, it includes expandable stent, the first standard ballGroup and the second standard ball group, the first standard ball group and the second standard ball group are respectively arranged on the both sides of the expandable stent, instituteState the first standard ball group identical with the standard ball quantity of the second standard ball group and no less than three.
In above-mentioned range expander, the first standard ball group and the second standard ball group are respectively arranged on the extensionThe two ends end of support, or, the first standard ball group and the second standard ball group are respectively arranged on the expandable stentPosition between two ends end and end and middle part.
In above-mentioned range expander, any two standard ball in the first standard ball group and the second standard ball group itBetween be provided with spacing.
In above-mentioned range expander, the radius all same of the standard ball.
In above-mentioned range expander, the standard ball is fixed in the expandable stent by welding or viscose glue.
The present invention also provides a kind of measuring method of range expander, and it comprises the steps：
Step one, determines standard ball in the first standard ball group of the range expander described in any of the above-described content and theOne-to-one position relationship and position relationship function between standard ball in two standard ball groups；
Step 2, by coordinate measuring machine the first measurement position is placed in, and each standard ball for measuring the first standard ball group existsCentre coordinate of the coordinate measuring machine under the first measurement position coordinate system；Second mark is calculated according to the position relationship functionTheoretical center coordinate of each standard ball of quasi- ball group in coordinate measuring machine under the first measurement position coordinate system；
Step 3, by coordinate measuring machine the second measurement position is moved to, and each standard ball for measuring the second standard ball group existsPractical center coordinate of the coordinate measuring machine under the second measurement position coordinate system；
Step 4, the practical center coordinate of each standard ball of the second standard ball group is corresponding one by one with theoretical center coordinateAnd unification is fitted, so as to coordinate measuring machine be surveyed in the unified coordinate measuring machine that arrives of the second measurement position coordinate system fitting in firstCoordinate system at amount position, realizes the Range Extension of coordinate measuring machine.
In the measuring method of above-mentioned range expander, when the standard ball quantity in every group of standard ball group is more than three,Three in every group of standard ball group are chosen during measurement or measurement of coordinates is carried out less than the standard ball of sum.
In the measuring method of above-mentioned range expander, the position relationship function is linear function.
In the measuring method of above-mentioned range expander, the position relationship function is polar coordinates function.
The present invention also provides a kind of measuring system, and it includes coordinate measuring machine and the range described in any of the above-described contentExpander.
Implement the range expander and its measuring method, measuring system of the present invention, have relative to prior art followingAdvantage：
1st, by the position relationship interfixed between the two standard sets ball group on range expander, can be by coordinate measuring machineAt different measuring position coordinate system fitting be unified under same coordinate system so that the measurement range of coordinate measuring machine to appointMeaning direction extends, and so as to reach the purpose of extension coordinate measuring machine range, during live large-range measuring, only need to select portable seatCo-ordinate measuring machine is simultaneously aided with this range expander, its simple structure, easy to carry and easy to operate, can not only greatly improve measurementEfficiency and certainty of measurement, moreover it is possible to greatly save measurement cost.
2nd, the measuring method and its measuring system of the range expander of the present invention are implemented, can be directly by coordinate measuring machine notCoordinate system fitting with measurement position is unified to the same coordinate system, the number that such coordinate measuring machine is measured in different measuring positionAccording to just can directly be unified under same coordinate system, the Range Extension of coordinate measuring machine is realized, without the process in measurementIn repeatedly carry out coordinate splicing, it is easy to operate, can greatly improve measurement efficiency and certainty of measurement, save measurement cost.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the range expander of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is that the one-to-one relationship of each standard ball in the first standard ball group and the second standard ball group of the present invention is shownIt is intended to；
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of the using method of the range expander for implementing the present invention；
Wherein, 1, expandable stent；2nd, the first standard ball group；3rd, the second standard ball group；4th, coordinate measuring machine；5th, the first measurementPosition；6th, the second measurement position.
Specific embodiment
With reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, the specific embodiment of the present invention is described in further detail.Hereinafter implementExample is not limited to the scope of the present invention for illustrating the present invention.
As shown in Figure 1 to Figure 3, the preferred embodiments of the present invention, a kind of range expander, it includes expandable stent 1, firstThe standard ball group 3 of standard ball group 2 and second, the first standard ball group 2 and the second standard ball group 3 are respectively arranged on the both sides of expandable stent 1,First standard ball group 2 is identical with the standard ball quantity of the second standard ball group 3 and no less than three.Each in two standard sets ball groupCorrespond between standard ball, and with fixed position relationship, so just using the position pass between two standard sets ball groupSystem, the coordinate system fitting by coordinate measuring machine 4 at different measuring position is unified under same coordinate system so that measurement of coordinatesThe measurement range of machine 4 can extend to any direction, and so as to reach the purpose of extension coordinate measuring machine range, scene is surveyed on a large scaleDuring amount, only from portable coordinate measurement machine and this range expander need to be aided with, its simple structure, easy to carry and easy behaviourMake, measurement efficiency and certainty of measurement can not only be greatly improved, moreover it is possible to greatly save measurement cost.
The first standard ball group 2 and the second standard ball group 3 of the present embodiment are respectively arranged on the two ends end of expandable stent 1.RootBeing actually needed according to in-site measurement, chooses the range expander of suitable size.
Certainly, the first standard ball group 2 and the second standard ball group 3 of the present embodiment can also be respectively arranged on the two of expandable stent 1End end and the position between end and middle part.Such design, though from range expander expandable stent 1 lengthWhen longer, the small range Range Extension of coordinate measuring machine 4 can be also realized, enhance the adaptability of range expander expanded range.
Spacing is provided between any two standard ball in the first standard ball group 2 and the second standard ball group 3 of the present embodiment,The relative position between the standard ball in same standard ball group can be so set to have more arbitrariness, so as to improve coordinate system fitting unificationPrecision.
The radius all same of the standard ball of the present embodiment, so as to can more easily ensure when the range expander is assembledOne-to-one position relationship between each standard ball in two standard sets ball group.
The standard ball of the present embodiment is fixed in expandable stent 1 by welding or viscose glue.
As shown in Figures 2 and 3, the present invention also provides a kind of measuring method of above-mentioned range expander, and it includes following stepSuddenly：
Step one, in determining the standard ball and the second standard ball group 3 in the first standard ball group 2 of above-mentioned range expanderOne-to-one position relationship and position relationship function between standard ball；
Step 2, by coordinate measuring machine 4 the first measurement position 5 is placed in, and measures each standard ball of the first standard ball group 2In centre coordinate of the coordinate measuring machine 4 under coordinate system at the first measurement position 5；Second mark is calculated according to position relationship functionTheoretical center coordinate of each standard ball of quasi- ball group 3 in coordinate measuring machine 4 under coordinate system at the first measurement position 5；
Step 3, by coordinate measuring machine 4 the second measurement position 6 is moved to, and measures each standard ball of the second standard ball group 3In practical center coordinate of the coordinate measuring machine 4 under coordinate system at the second measurement position 6；
Step 4 is right one by one with theoretical center coordinate by the practical center coordinate of each standard ball of the second standard ball group 3Unification should be simultaneously fitted, so as to by coordinate measuring machine 4 at the second measurement position 6 coordinate system fitting it is unified to coordinate measuring machine 4 inCoordinate system at first measurement position 5, realizes the Range Extension of coordinate measuring machine 4.Actually determine coordinate measuring machine 4 in theOne between coordinate of the coordinate and coordinate measuring machine 4 at two measurement positions 6 under coordinate system under coordinate system at the first measurement position 5The relation of one mapping, makes any coordinate that coordinate measuring machine 4 is measured at the second measurement position 6 directly to correspond to coordinateCoordinate of the measuring machine 4 in coordinate system at the first measurement position 5.The practical center of each standard ball of the second standard ball group 3 is satMark can pass through the Survey Software of coordinate measuring machine 4 and theoretical center coordinate realizes fitting unification.
In the present embodiment, when the standard ball quantity in every group of standard ball group is more than three, every group of standard is chosen during measurementThree in ball group carry out measurement of coordinates less than the standard ball of sum.So can both realize coordinate measuring machine 4 in differenceThe fitting unification of measurement position coordinate system, can reduce time of measuring and coordinate system fitting unified time again, improve measurement effectRate.
Implement the measuring method of the range expander of the present embodiment, can be directly by coordinate measuring machine 4 in different measuring positionThe coordinate system fitting at place is unified to the same coordinate system, and such coordinate measuring machine 4 just can be straight in the data that different measuring position measuresConnect and be unified under same coordinate system, realize the Range Extension of coordinate measuring machine 4, without repeatedly entering during measurementRow coordinate splices, easy to operate, can greatly improve measurement efficiency and certainty of measurement, measurement cost is saved, in addition, coordinate measuring machine4 in any measurement position, the arbitrarily angled centre coordinate for measuring standard ball and can carry out the work of in-site measurement, alsoIt is to say, using the range expander measurement position of coordinate measuring machine 4 can't be limited, it is ensured that coordinate measuring machine 4 measures positionThe flexibility put.
The position relationship function of the present embodiment is linear function, can so make the first standard ball group 2 and the second standard ball group 3In line between one-to-one standard ball be parallel to each other, in order to quickly and accurately calculate each of the second standard ball group 3Theoretical center coordinate of the individual standard ball in coordinate measuring machine 4 under coordinate system at the first measurement position 5, reduces calculation error, carriesHigh coordinate system is fitted unified precision.
Certainly, the position relationship function of the present embodiment can also be polar coordinates function F (r, θ), by polar coordinates function F (r,θ) calculate theory of each standard ball of the second standard ball group 3 in coordinate measuring machine 4 under coordinate system at the first measurement position 5Centre coordinate.
The coordinate measuring machine 4 of the present embodiment is portable coordinate measurement machine, this is because the knot of portable coordinate measurement machineStructure is compact, and buying cost and maintenance cost are relatively low, easy to carry, and range expander can make portable coordinate measurement machineMeasurement range to any direction extends, to fully meet the requirement of in-site measurement.
Additionally, the present invention also provides a kind of measuring system, it includes coordinate measuring machine 4 and above-mentioned range expander, itsIn, coordinate measuring machine 4 is portable coordinate measurement machine.
The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for those skilled in the art comeSay, on the premise of without departing from the technology of the present invention principle, some improvement and replacement can also be made, these improve and replace also shouldIt is considered as protection scope of the present invention.
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